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2024年国家开放大学答案
（ ）是指采用一定的方法和设备，在一定的作业环境下，由适应作业的熟练操作者完成质量合格的单位产品所需要的时间。(单选题)
.时间标准
.操作标准
.计量标准
.质量标准
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
（课外选材）
According to experts, the advantage of modified food is that it helps in preventing the occurrence of allergies and also has a long shelf life. However, a major portion of the population is against the consumption of genetically modified food and is concerned about its disadvantages. If you are also confused about the consumption of genetically modified food, read through the pros and cons given below and decide for yourself.
Advantages of Genetically Modified Foods
●One of the most prominent advantages of genetically modified food is that it helps in controlling the occurrence of certain diseases. Certain foods cause allergy to people. Their genetic modification alters the DNA system of these foods, thereby making them non-allergic.
●Another major advantage of such type of foods is that they grow faster than their traditionally grown counterparts. As a result, there is greater productivity and more food.
●A person need not bother about any additional costs, such as buying chemicals and pesticides, when it comes to genetically engineered food. The food is naturally pest-resistant.
●Farming these foods can be a great way to fight world hunger. Since these crops grow faster or more effectively, increased production would help countries wherein crops may not normally prosper because of less than desirable environmental conditions.
●The increased shelf life of these food products helps in reducing the quantity of rotten food.
Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Foods
●The biggest disadvantage of genetically modified food is that they have harmful effects on the human body. The consumption of these genetically engineered foods can lead to development of diseases that are immune to antibiotics.
●Chances of developing cancer are high in people who regularly consume engineered food.
●Since it is an unnatural way of producing foods, there is an increased health hazard such as allergens, transfer of antibiotic resistance markers and unknown effects.
●Since the production of engineered food involves infusing animal genes in the crops and tampering with nature, it might not be good for consumption in the long run.
How does genetically modified food control the occurrence of certain diseases__1__
A. By cross-pollinating.
B. By conventional crossbreeding.
C. By altering the DNA system of these foods.
2. Do farmers need to buy any chemicals and pesticides if they plant genetically modified food__2__
A. Yes, they need to. Because the food is not resist to pests.
B. No, they don’t need to. Because the food is naturally pest-resistant.
C. No, they don’t need to. Because the chemicals and pesticides are provided by the government.
3. Which statement is not the advantage of genetically modified food__3__
A. It may have harmful effects on human body.
B. Genetically modified food grows faster than their traditionally grown counterparts.
C. Farming genetically modified food can help fight world hunger.
4. What would happen to a person if he regularly consume genetically modified food__4__
A. He would get cold.
B. He would lose some weight.
C. He would have cancer.
5. Which title is the best for this passage__5__
A. Can genetically modified foods combat world hunger
B. Genetically modified mood: our answer is no
C. Genetically modified foods: pros and cons__5__(完形填空)
.A
.B
.C
杨某有三台机器，第一台机器出租给甲,租期至2013年10月1日，第二台机器借给乙使用，第三台机器供自己使用。2010年8月1日，杨某与甲签订买卖合同，杨某将这三台机器出卖给甲,约定由甲在乙的借用期届满后，直接请求乙返还第二台机器，同时还约定杨某借用第三台机器6个月。对此,下列表述正确的是(多选题)
.甲于2010年8月1日取得第一台机器的所有
.杨某与甲之间对第一台机器的租赁合同于2010年8月1日消灭
.第二台机器的交付采取的是指示交付
.甲于2010年8月1日取得第三台机器的所有权
CO与H<sub>2</sub>合成甲醇是一个（ ）的反应。(多选题)
.体积缩小.,.
放热.,.
可逆
切削速度指切削加工时，切削刃选定点相对于工件的主运动的瞬时速度。 （ ）(判断题)
.对
.错
以下关于现行国家法定的企业职工退休年龄的说法，错误的是（ ）。(单选题)
.男年满60周岁，女年满55周岁
.从事井下、高温、高空、特别繁重体力劳动或其他有害身体健康工作的，退休年龄为年满55周岁，女年满45周岁
.因病或非因工致残，由医院证明并经劳动鉴定委员会确认完全丧失劳动能力的，退休年龄为男年满50周岁，女年满45周岁
.女工人年满50周岁即可退休
工业上实施可逆放热反应的最优温度分布的操作方式是(单选题)
.多段冷却，段间绝热
.多段绝热，段间加热
.多段冷激，段间绝热
.多段绝热，段间冷（却）激
下图为（ ）
<img alt="image.png" class="" data-id="5374522" height="389" src="https://lms.ouchn.cn:443/api/uploads/5374522/in-rich-contentcreated_at=2022-09-16T07:39:10Z" width="783">
(单选题)
.三相异步电动机正反转控制
.直流电动机电动机正反转控制
.单项异步电动机正反转控制
简答题03．硅酸盐水泥的凝结时间、初凝时间、终凝时间各指什么？(简答题)
学前儿童说的话不符合实际情况就是说谎行为，教师应对其进行必要的批评教育。(判断题)
.对.,.
错
包装物押金一般是不含税价格。（ ）(判断题)
.对
.错
宪法的基本原则有（ ）。(多选题)
.人民主权原则
.分权与制衡原则
.基本人权原则
.法治原则
潜在损失是风险存在的充分条件。(判断题)
.对
.错
经济订货批量模型建立的假设前提有( )。
(多选题)
.企业现金充足
.存货单价不变
.不允许缺货
.需求量确定
.存货市场供应充足
伪静力试验的结果通常是由荷载－变形的滞回曲线以及有关参数来表达，它们是研究结构抗震性能的基本数据。(判断题)
.对
.错
.时间标准
.操作标准
.计量标准
.质量标准
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
（课外选材）
According to experts, the advantage of modified food is that it helps in preventing the occurrence of allergies and also has a long shelf life. However, a major portion of the population is against the consumption of genetically modified food and is concerned about its disadvantages. If you are also confused about the consumption of genetically modified food, read through the pros and cons given below and decide for yourself.
Advantages of Genetically Modified Foods
●One of the most prominent advantages of genetically modified food is that it helps in controlling the occurrence of certain diseases. Certain foods cause allergy to people. Their genetic modification alters the DNA system of these foods, thereby making them non-allergic.
●Another major advantage of such type of foods is that they grow faster than their traditionally grown counterparts. As a result, there is greater productivity and more food.
●A person need not bother about any additional costs, such as buying chemicals and pesticides, when it comes to genetically engineered food. The food is naturally pest-resistant.
●Farming these foods can be a great way to fight world hunger. Since these crops grow faster or more effectively, increased production would help countries wherein crops may not normally prosper because of less than desirable environmental conditions.
●The increased shelf life of these food products helps in reducing the quantity of rotten food.
Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Foods
●The biggest disadvantage of genetically modified food is that they have harmful effects on the human body. The consumption of these genetically engineered foods can lead to development of diseases that are immune to antibiotics.
●Chances of developing cancer are high in people who regularly consume engineered food.
●Since it is an unnatural way of producing foods, there is an increased health hazard such as allergens, transfer of antibiotic resistance markers and unknown effects.
●Since the production of engineered food involves infusing animal genes in the crops and tampering with nature, it might not be good for consumption in the long run.
How does genetically modified food control the occurrence of certain diseases__1__
A. By cross-pollinating.
B. By conventional crossbreeding.
C. By altering the DNA system of these foods.
2. Do farmers need to buy any chemicals and pesticides if they plant genetically modified food__2__
A. Yes, they need to. Because the food is not resist to pests.
B. No, they don’t need to. Because the food is naturally pest-resistant.
C. No, they don’t need to. Because the chemicals and pesticides are provided by the government.
3. Which statement is not the advantage of genetically modified food__3__
A. It may have harmful effects on human body.
B. Genetically modified food grows faster than their traditionally grown counterparts.
C. Farming genetically modified food can help fight world hunger.
4. What would happen to a person if he regularly consume genetically modified food__4__
A. He would get cold.
B. He would lose some weight.
C. He would have cancer.
5. Which title is the best for this passage__5__
A. Can genetically modified foods combat world hunger
B. Genetically modified mood: our answer is no
C. Genetically modified foods: pros and cons__5__(完形填空)
.A
.B
.C
杨某有三台机器，第一台机器出租给甲,租期至2013年10月1日，第二台机器借给乙使用，第三台机器供自己使用。2010年8月1日，杨某与甲签订买卖合同，杨某将这三台机器出卖给甲,约定由甲在乙的借用期届满后，直接请求乙返还第二台机器，同时还约定杨某借用第三台机器6个月。对此,下列表述正确的是(多选题)
.甲于2010年8月1日取得第一台机器的所有
.杨某与甲之间对第一台机器的租赁合同于2010年8月1日消灭
.第二台机器的交付采取的是指示交付
.甲于2010年8月1日取得第三台机器的所有权
CO与H<sub>2</sub>合成甲醇是一个（ ）的反应。(多选题)
.体积缩小.,.
放热.,.
可逆
切削速度指切削加工时，切削刃选定点相对于工件的主运动的瞬时速度。 （ ）(判断题)
.对
.错
以下关于现行国家法定的企业职工退休年龄的说法，错误的是（ ）。(单选题)
.男年满60周岁，女年满55周岁
.从事井下、高温、高空、特别繁重体力劳动或其他有害身体健康工作的，退休年龄为年满55周岁，女年满45周岁
.因病或非因工致残，由医院证明并经劳动鉴定委员会确认完全丧失劳动能力的，退休年龄为男年满50周岁，女年满45周岁
.女工人年满50周岁即可退休
工业上实施可逆放热反应的最优温度分布的操作方式是(单选题)
.多段冷却，段间绝热
.多段绝热，段间加热
.多段冷激，段间绝热
.多段绝热，段间冷（却）激
下图为（ ）
<img alt="image.png" class="" data-id="5374522" height="389" src="https://lms.ouchn.cn:443/api/uploads/5374522/in-rich-contentcreated_at=2022-09-16T07:39:10Z" width="783">
(单选题)
.三相异步电动机正反转控制
.直流电动机电动机正反转控制
.单项异步电动机正反转控制
简答题03．硅酸盐水泥的凝结时间、初凝时间、终凝时间各指什么？(简答题)
学前儿童说的话不符合实际情况就是说谎行为，教师应对其进行必要的批评教育。(判断题)
.对.,.
错
包装物押金一般是不含税价格。（ ）(判断题)
.对
.错
宪法的基本原则有（ ）。(多选题)
.人民主权原则
.分权与制衡原则
.基本人权原则
.法治原则
潜在损失是风险存在的充分条件。(判断题)
.对
.错
经济订货批量模型建立的假设前提有( )。
(多选题)
.企业现金充足
.存货单价不变
.不允许缺货
.需求量确定
.存货市场供应充足
伪静力试验的结果通常是由荷载－变形的滞回曲线以及有关参数来表达，它们是研究结构抗震性能的基本数据。(判断题)
.对
.错