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大学英语A252
Confucianism is a way of thinking and living based on the ideas of Confucius, a great teacher and philosopher（哲学家） in ancient China. He lived over 2,500 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period. His teachings influenced many countries in Asia.
Who was Confucius?
Confucius, or Kongzi, was born in 551 BCE（公元前） in the State of LU (鲁国)(now in Shandong Province). He loved learning and became a teacher. He travelled to many places, teaching people how to be kind, respectful, and wise. His students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects of Confucius (《论语》).
The Main Ideas of Confucianism
Confucius believed that people should be kind, respectful, and responsible. Confucianism focuses on five important values.
Ren (仁)—Kindness and Love
We should care for others and treat them with kindness. If we help others, we make the world a better place.
Yi (义)—Doing the Right Thing
We should always try to do what is right, even when it is hard. Being brave and fair is part of Yi.
Li (礼)—Respect and Manners
Good manners are important. We should respect our parents, teachers, and elders. Saying “ thank you” and “sorry” is part of Li.
Zhi (智)—Wisdom
Learning is very important. Confucius said, “If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is a real mistake.” (过而不改，是谓过矣。)
Xin (信)—Honesty and Trust
We should keep our promises and tell the truth. Trust between people is very important in life and friendship.
How Confucianism Affects Our Lives
Even today, Confucianism teaches us how to be good people. Many Chinese families follow these ideas. In school, we respect teachers and work hard to learn. At home, we listen to our parents and help with chores. These are all parts of Confucian values.
Famous Quote by Confucius
“ Is it not a delight to acquire knowledge and put it into practice?”(学而时习之，不亦说乎?)
阅读Passage One材料，完成本题
What is the famous quote（引语） by Confucius mentioned in the passage?
A、“ Run fast and never stop.”
B、“Is it not a delight to acquire knowledge and put it into practice?”
C、“Money is the most important thing.”
D、“Silence is golden.”
When you speak on the telephone, you cannot use your facial (面部的) expression, eye contact and gestures to help communicate your message. Your voice must do the job.
A good voice is pleasant to listen to because it communicates a positive message. Keep in mind the following qualities of a good voice:
Speak in a voice neither too loud nor too soft. Speak louder when giving important information.
Speak slowly enough so that the listener has a chance to understand your message without your having to repeat it. Keep in mind that as you speak the other person may be taking notes.
Pronunciation is the correct way to say a word. To avoid mispronouncing (读错音) words, you may wish to check the pronunciation of unfamiliar words in the dictionary before you use them.
People with an accent unlike yours may not understand your pronunciation of some words. You also may not understand the pronunciation of some of their words. In these cases, careful pronunciation is very important for effective communication. You may need to repeat or spell words that are unusual or easy to be misunderstood.
The first aid (急救) you learn from a course is not quite like reality. Most of us feel afraid when dealing with “the real thing”. By overcoming these feelings, we are better able to use the first aid to cope with the unexpected.
Doing your part
First aid is not an exact science, and is thus open to human error. No matter how hard you try, the casualty (伤者) may not respond as hoped. Some conditions might lead to death, even with the best medical care.
Giving care with confidence
The casualty needs to feel protected and in safe hands. You can create an air of confidence and safety by:
• being in control, both of yourself and the problem;
• acting calmly and reasonably;
• being gentle, but firm, with your hands, and speaking to the casualty kindly, but hopefully.
Building up trust
Talk to the casualty throughout your examination and treatment (治疗).
• Explain what you are going to do.
• Try to answer questions honestly to reduce fears as best as you can. If you do not know the answer, say so.
I finished middle school in the 1970s. I still remember the teen years were the 31 time of my life. At that time, as a girl, I hated it when my parents asked me 32 about my problems that made me uncomfortable. I also remember many times when Mr. Templat, my teacher, would take me aside and talk to me. He had a special way of finding out what the problem was. Every time he 33 with me, I felt better. He was a teacher I will never 34 .
He had a way of making his classes enjoyable. We always got the highest 35 in math in our grade with his teaching. If there was a big world ball game on the radio we would 36 everything and he would put the game on so we could all enjoy it.
Teens often learn things on TV or from adults about world 37 that can make them scared. Now it is terrorism（恐怖主义）. Back in my teen years it was the Cold War. It worried me so much that I 38 each day would be my last. Mr. Templat knew how much it troubled his 39 . He opened the subject up to discussion. He gave us a way to express our fears and helped us understand war and politics（政治）.
When I think back to those special days, I appreciate（感念，感谢）that he helped me go 40 such a difficult time in my life.
Which is the best one to fill in the blank?
A、against
B、across
C、over
D、through
Hans usually checks his emails and writes a few messages to family and friends online.
A、汉斯经常在网上核对信件并给亲戚朋友写消息。
B、汉斯常常在网上检查他的电子邮件并给亲戚朋友发送消息。
C、汉斯经常核对邮件并在线给亲戚朋友留言。
D、汉斯常常检查他的电子邮件并给亲戚朋友发送消息。
I will give you a clear idea of the market conditions in the region as soon as possible.
A、我会尽快让你们清楚地了解该地区的市场情况。
B、我将尽可能设法弄清楚该地区的市场销售情况。
C、我会尽早向你们清楚地说明该地区的市场状况。
D、我将尽可能对该地区市场状况提出明确的想法。
One more assistant will be required to check reporters’ names when they arrive at the press conference.
A、还需要一位助手在记者到达新闻发布会时核查他们的姓名。
B、还需要一位助手在记者到达新闻发布会时登记他们的姓名。
C、还有一位助手在到达新闻发布会时请记者通报他们的姓名。
D、还有一位助手要记者在到达新闻发布会时通报他们的姓名。
Mr. Smith has cancelled his trip because an urgent matter has come up which requires his immediate attention.
A、史密斯先生推迟了旅行．因为发生了一件大家都十分关注的突发事件。
B、史密斯先生取消了旅行，因为发生了一件紧急的事情需要他立即处理。
C、史密斯先生取消了旅行，因为有一件棘手的事情需要他予以密切关注。
D、史密斯先生推迟了旅行，因为要处理一桩已引起公众关注的突发事件。
The library is trying in every possible way to raise more money to meet its increasing running costs.
A、这个图书馆正尽一切努力增加更多收入以满足不断增长的日常开支。
B、这个图书馆正想尽一切办法提高收费标准并不断降低经营管理成本。
C、这个图书馆正尝试用各种办法提高收费标准以便尽早收回投资成本。
D、这个图书馆正想尽一切办法筹集更多资金满足越来越多的日常开支。
I didn’t answer the phone _____ I didn’t hear it ring.
A、if
B、unless
C、although
D、because
In his report of the accident he _____ some important details.
A、Missed
B、Wasted
C、Escaped
D、Failed
a wonderful trip he had when he traveled in China!
A、Where
B、How
C、What
D、That
We’re going to _____ the task that we haven’t finished.
A、take away
B、carry on
C、get onto
D、keep off
Who was Confucius?
Confucius, or Kongzi, was born in 551 BCE（公元前） in the State of LU (鲁国)(now in Shandong Province). He loved learning and became a teacher. He travelled to many places, teaching people how to be kind, respectful, and wise. His students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects of Confucius (《论语》).
The Main Ideas of Confucianism
Confucius believed that people should be kind, respectful, and responsible. Confucianism focuses on five important values.
Ren (仁)—Kindness and Love
We should care for others and treat them with kindness. If we help others, we make the world a better place.
Yi (义)—Doing the Right Thing
We should always try to do what is right, even when it is hard. Being brave and fair is part of Yi.
Li (礼)—Respect and Manners
Good manners are important. We should respect our parents, teachers, and elders. Saying “ thank you” and “sorry” is part of Li.
Zhi (智)—Wisdom
Learning is very important. Confucius said, “If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is a real mistake.” (过而不改，是谓过矣。)
Xin (信)—Honesty and Trust
We should keep our promises and tell the truth. Trust between people is very important in life and friendship.
How Confucianism Affects Our Lives
Even today, Confucianism teaches us how to be good people. Many Chinese families follow these ideas. In school, we respect teachers and work hard to learn. At home, we listen to our parents and help with chores. These are all parts of Confucian values.
Famous Quote by Confucius
“ Is it not a delight to acquire knowledge and put it into practice?”(学而时习之，不亦说乎?)
阅读Passage One材料，完成本题
What is the famous quote（引语） by Confucius mentioned in the passage?
A、“ Run fast and never stop.”
B、“Is it not a delight to acquire knowledge and put it into practice?”
C、“Money is the most important thing.”
D、“Silence is golden.”
When you speak on the telephone, you cannot use your facial (面部的) expression, eye contact and gestures to help communicate your message. Your voice must do the job.
A good voice is pleasant to listen to because it communicates a positive message. Keep in mind the following qualities of a good voice:
Speak in a voice neither too loud nor too soft. Speak louder when giving important information.
Speak slowly enough so that the listener has a chance to understand your message without your having to repeat it. Keep in mind that as you speak the other person may be taking notes.
Pronunciation is the correct way to say a word. To avoid mispronouncing (读错音) words, you may wish to check the pronunciation of unfamiliar words in the dictionary before you use them.
People with an accent unlike yours may not understand your pronunciation of some words. You also may not understand the pronunciation of some of their words. In these cases, careful pronunciation is very important for effective communication. You may need to repeat or spell words that are unusual or easy to be misunderstood.
The first aid (急救) you learn from a course is not quite like reality. Most of us feel afraid when dealing with “the real thing”. By overcoming these feelings, we are better able to use the first aid to cope with the unexpected.
Doing your part
First aid is not an exact science, and is thus open to human error. No matter how hard you try, the casualty (伤者) may not respond as hoped. Some conditions might lead to death, even with the best medical care.
Giving care with confidence
The casualty needs to feel protected and in safe hands. You can create an air of confidence and safety by:
• being in control, both of yourself and the problem;
• acting calmly and reasonably;
• being gentle, but firm, with your hands, and speaking to the casualty kindly, but hopefully.
Building up trust
Talk to the casualty throughout your examination and treatment (治疗).
• Explain what you are going to do.
• Try to answer questions honestly to reduce fears as best as you can. If you do not know the answer, say so.
I finished middle school in the 1970s. I still remember the teen years were the 31 time of my life. At that time, as a girl, I hated it when my parents asked me 32 about my problems that made me uncomfortable. I also remember many times when Mr. Templat, my teacher, would take me aside and talk to me. He had a special way of finding out what the problem was. Every time he 33 with me, I felt better. He was a teacher I will never 34 .
He had a way of making his classes enjoyable. We always got the highest 35 in math in our grade with his teaching. If there was a big world ball game on the radio we would 36 everything and he would put the game on so we could all enjoy it.
Teens often learn things on TV or from adults about world 37 that can make them scared. Now it is terrorism（恐怖主义）. Back in my teen years it was the Cold War. It worried me so much that I 38 each day would be my last. Mr. Templat knew how much it troubled his 39 . He opened the subject up to discussion. He gave us a way to express our fears and helped us understand war and politics（政治）.
When I think back to those special days, I appreciate（感念，感谢）that he helped me go 40 such a difficult time in my life.
Which is the best one to fill in the blank?
A、against
B、across
C、over
D、through
Hans usually checks his emails and writes a few messages to family and friends online.
A、汉斯经常在网上核对信件并给亲戚朋友写消息。
B、汉斯常常在网上检查他的电子邮件并给亲戚朋友发送消息。
C、汉斯经常核对邮件并在线给亲戚朋友留言。
D、汉斯常常检查他的电子邮件并给亲戚朋友发送消息。
I will give you a clear idea of the market conditions in the region as soon as possible.
A、我会尽快让你们清楚地了解该地区的市场情况。
B、我将尽可能设法弄清楚该地区的市场销售情况。
C、我会尽早向你们清楚地说明该地区的市场状况。
D、我将尽可能对该地区市场状况提出明确的想法。
One more assistant will be required to check reporters’ names when they arrive at the press conference.
A、还需要一位助手在记者到达新闻发布会时核查他们的姓名。
B、还需要一位助手在记者到达新闻发布会时登记他们的姓名。
C、还有一位助手在到达新闻发布会时请记者通报他们的姓名。
D、还有一位助手要记者在到达新闻发布会时通报他们的姓名。
Mr. Smith has cancelled his trip because an urgent matter has come up which requires his immediate attention.
A、史密斯先生推迟了旅行．因为发生了一件大家都十分关注的突发事件。
B、史密斯先生取消了旅行，因为发生了一件紧急的事情需要他立即处理。
C、史密斯先生取消了旅行，因为有一件棘手的事情需要他予以密切关注。
D、史密斯先生推迟了旅行，因为要处理一桩已引起公众关注的突发事件。
The library is trying in every possible way to raise more money to meet its increasing running costs.
A、这个图书馆正尽一切努力增加更多收入以满足不断增长的日常开支。
B、这个图书馆正想尽一切办法提高收费标准并不断降低经营管理成本。
C、这个图书馆正尝试用各种办法提高收费标准以便尽早收回投资成本。
D、这个图书馆正想尽一切办法筹集更多资金满足越来越多的日常开支。
I didn’t answer the phone _____ I didn’t hear it ring.
A、if
B、unless
C、although
D、because
In his report of the accident he _____ some important details.
A、Missed
B、Wasted
C、Escaped
D、Failed
a wonderful trip he had when he traveled in China!
A、Where
B、How
C、What
D、That
We’re going to _____ the task that we haven’t finished.
A、take away
B、carry on
C、get onto
D、keep off